Insulin Therapy: A Beginner's Complete Guide
Starting insulin can feel overwhelming — this guide answers all your questions
Insulin therapy is a highly effective treatment for Type 1 diabetes and for Type 2 diabetes when oral medications are no longer sufficient. Many patients fear starting insulin, but with proper education and support from our team, it can become a simple part of your daily routine that significantly improves your quality of life.
1Types of Insulin
Insulin is classified by how quickly it acts and how long its effect lasts:
- Rapid-acting (e.g., Aspart, Lispro): Works in 15 min; taken just before meals
- Short-acting (Regular): Works in 30 min; taken 30 min before meals
- Intermediate-acting (NPH): Peaks in 4–10 hours; used twice daily
- Long-acting (Glargine, Detemir): No peak; provides 24-hour basal coverage
- Premixed: Contains a combination of rapid and intermediate-acting insulin
2How to Inject Insulin Correctly
Correct injection technique is crucial for consistent absorption and comfortable use. Our nurses at Sree Balaji Hospital provide hands-on injection training during your first insulin prescription visit.
- Rotate injection sites (abdomen, thigh, upper arm) to prevent lipodystrophy
- Inject into the subcutaneous (fat) layer — not muscle
- Hold the pen or syringe at a 90° angle for most patients
- Do not rub the injection site after injecting
- Change needles with every injection
3Storing Insulin Safely
Unopened insulin vials should be stored in the refrigerator (2–8°C). Once opened, insulin pens can be kept at room temperature (below 30°C) for up to 28 days. Never freeze insulin or expose it to direct sunlight.
4Managing Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Hypoglycaemia (blood sugar below 70 mg/dL) can occur with insulin. Symptoms include sweating, trembling, palpitations, and confusion. If this occurs, immediately eat 15g of fast-acting glucose (4 glucose tablets, half a cup of juice, or 3 teaspoons of sugar). Recheck after 15 minutes.
🏥 Key Takeaways
- Starting insulin is not a failure — it is a step up in care
- Inject at the same time each day for consistent blood sugar control
- Never skip insulin doses without consulting your doctor
- Always carry a fast glucose source in case of hypoglycaemia
- Attend our insulin education session during your first prescription
Medical Disclaimer: This article is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your treatment plan. For personalised guidance, book a consultation at Sree Balaji Hospital.