Understanding Diabetes: Types, Causes & Management

1Types of Diabetes

There are three main types: Type 1 (autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells), Type 2 (insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell failure — the most common form), and Gestational Diabetes (blood sugar issues during pregnancy). Pre-diabetes is an intermediate state where blood sugar is higher than normal but not yet in the diabetic range.

• Type 1: Usually diagnosed in childhood/young adults; requires insulin therapy
• Type 2: Lifestyle-related; managed with diet, exercise and medications
• Gestational: Occurs during pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery
• Pre-diabetes: A reversible state — lifestyle changes can prevent progression

2Common Symptoms

Many people with Type 2 diabetes have no symptoms for years. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Excessive thirst and frequent urination
• Unexplained weight loss or weight gain
• Blurred vision and fatigue
• Slow-healing wounds and frequent infections
• Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

3How is Diabetes Managed?

Modern diabetes management at Sree Balaji Hospital follows a holistic approach combining lifestyle modification, medication, and regular monitoring. The goal is to keep HbA1c below 7% (or as advised by your doctor) to prevent long-term complications.

• Dietary modifications and portion control
• Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week)
• Oral medications (Metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, etc.)
• Insulin therapy when required
• Regular HbA1c, kidney function, and eye checks

4Preventing Complications

Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the eyes (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), nerves (neuropathy), heart (cardiovascular disease), and feet (diabetic foot). Regular screening — at least every 6 months — at our clinic helps detect and prevent these complications early.