Managing Hypertension: Lifestyle & Medical Approach
High blood pressure is silent but deadly β here's how to take control
Hypertension (high blood pressure) affects over 200 million Indians and is one of the leading causes of strokes, heart attacks, and kidney failure. It is called the 'silent killer' because most people have no symptoms until a catastrophic event occurs. The good news is that it is highly treatable with the right combination of lifestyle changes and medication.
1Understanding Blood Pressure Numbers
Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers: systolic (pressure during heartbeat) over diastolic (pressure between heartbeats). Normal is below 120/80 mmHg. Stage 1 hypertension is 130β139/80β89 mmHg, and Stage 2 is 140/90 mmHg or higher.
2Lifestyle Modifications
These changes can lower blood pressure by 5β20 mmHg each:
- Reduce salt intake to below 5g (1 teaspoon) per day
- Follow the DASH diet β rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy
- Exercise aerobically for 30 minutes, most days of the week
- Maintain a healthy weight β even 5kg loss can significantly lower BP
- Limit alcohol and avoid smoking completely
- Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or regular walks
3When Medication is Needed
If lifestyle changes are insufficient (typically assessed after 3 months), antihypertensive medications are prescribed. These include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Most patients achieve good control with one or two medications taken daily.
π₯ Key Takeaways
- Monitor BP at home β morning readings are most accurate
- Target BP below 130/80 for most adults, 140/80 for the elderly
- Never stop BP medication without consulting your doctor
- Reduce processed and restaurant food β major hidden salt sources
- Annual kidney function tests are recommended for hypertensive patients
Medical Disclaimer: This article is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your treatment plan. For personalised guidance, book a consultation at Sree Balaji Hospital.